The early stages of kidney cancer may not produce any symptoms until the tumour has become very large. However, symptoms at any stage may include:

• Pain in the abdomen or back pain below the ribs
• A mass in the abdomen
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• A persistent recurring fever
• Fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Swelling in the ankles

These symptoms can be caused by factors other than kidney cancer, however, so diagnostic tests are used to identify their cause.